浅谈拆除爆破工程中存在的问题和对策

拆除爆破工程的广泛应用为社会主义经济建设提供了有益的帮助,充分体现了科学技术是第一生产力。但是在拆除爆破领域也存在不少问题,如设计、施工、安全防护、爆破器材管理、爆破理论研究等方面还有许多不足,这需要我们认真正视,并采取切实有效的对策加以解决。文中针对存在的问题提出了一些对策,可以为拆除爆破界的同行们借鉴。     

回弹检测法检测混凝土强度相关问题的探讨

本文就当前社会人们对建筑安全水平和质量要求不断提高的背景下,对回弹检测法检测混凝土强度的相关问题进行探讨,并以此推动回弹法检测混凝土强度行业标准的规范化发展进程,希望能够给从事相关行业的工作者提供帮助。     

The generalized discrete ‐centroid problem

The ‐centroid problem or leader–follower problem is generalized considering different customer choice rules where a customer may use facilities belonging to different firms, if the difference in travel distance (or time) is small enough. Assuming essential goods, some particular customer choice rules are analyzed. Linear programming formulations for the generalized ‐medianoid and ‐centroid problems are presented and an exact solution approach is applied. Some computational examples are included.     

新发展阶段中国水资源安全保障战略对策

进入新发展阶段，中国水资源安全保障需要以“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路为指导，厘清问题、研判趋势、优化对策，支撑新阶段水利高质量发展。本文在全面分析我国水资源安全保障存在的突出问题与面临形势基础上，阐述了新发展阶段中国水资源安全保障的基本思路与战略路径，从保证资源安全、构建国家水网、强化供水保障、建设美丽河湖、改善水环境质量等方面提出了战略对策和需要进一步回答的重大问题，以期为完善新发展阶段中国水资源安全保障战略，全面提高国家水资源安全保障能力提供有力支撑。     

煤化工酸水汽提装置运行存在问题及解决方法

本文简述了酸水汽提工艺的发展概况和技术进展,详细介绍了煤化工酸水汽提装置实际运行中存在的几类主要问题,并提出切实可行的解决措施,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

A discontinuous least-squares finite-element method for second-order elliptic equations

In this paper, a discontinuous least-squares (DLS) finite-element method is introduced. The novelty of this work is twofold, to develop a DLS formulation that works for general polytopal meshes and to provide rigorous error analysis for it. This new method provides accurate approximations for both the primal and the flux variables. We obtain optimal-order error estimates for both the primal and the flux variables. Numerical examples are tested for polynomials up to degree 4 on non-triangular meshes, i.e. on rectangular and hexagonal meshes.     

A novel differential evolution mapping technique for generic combinatorial optimization problems

Differential evolution is primarily designed and used to solve continuous optimization problems. Therefore, it has not been widely considered as applicable for real-world problems that are characterized by permutation-based combinatorial domains. Many algorithms for solving discrete problems using differential evolution have been proposed, some of which have achieved promising results. However, to enhance their performance, they require improvements in many aspects, such as their convergence speeds, computational times and capabilities to solve large discrete problems. In this paper, we present a new mapping method that may be used with differential evolution to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This paper focuses specifically on the mapping component and its effect on the performance of differential evolution. Our method maps continuous variables to discrete ones, while at the same time, it directs the discrete solutions produced towards optimality, by using the best solution in each generation as a guide. To judge its performance, its solutions for instances of well-known discrete problems, namely: 0/1 knapsack, traveling salesman and traveling thief problems, are compared with those obtained by 8 other state-of-the-art mapping techniques. To do this, all mapping techniques are used with the same differential evolution settings. The results demonstrated that our technique significantly outperforms the other mapping methods in terms of the average error from the best-known solution for the traveling salesman problems, and achieves promising results for both the 0/1 knapsack and the traveling thief problems.     

基于分解的多目标花朵授粉算法

在过去几十年里，许多多目标进化算法被广泛应用于解决多目标优化问题，其中一种比较流行的多目标进化算法是基于分解的多目标进化算法(MOEA/D)。花朵授粉算法是一种启发式优化算法，但迄今为止，花朵授粉算法在基于分解的多目标进化算法领域的研究还非常少。本文在基于分解的多目标进化算法的框架下，将花朵授粉算法拓展至多目标优化领域，提出一种基于分解的多目标花朵授粉算法(MOFPA/D)。此外，为了保证非支配解的多样性，本文提出一种基于网格的目标空间分割法，该方法从找到的Pareto最优解集中筛选出一定数量且分布均匀的Pareto最优解。实验结果表明，基于分解的多目标花朵授粉算法在收敛性与多样性方面均优于基于分解的多目标进化算法。     

新工科背景下现代设计方法教学探讨

“现代设计方法”是机电工程专业一门重要的专业必修课程。聚集于新工科中解决复杂工程问题的能力这一重要目标,针对目前教学中存在的一些不足之处,本文从教学内容、教学模式与教学方法等角度提出了相应的教学改革措施,为进一步培养学生解决复杂工程问题能力提供借鉴。